Ellen Lloyd - AncientPages.com - Over the years, archaeologists have discovered many precious Viking Age artifacts, such as unique Viking jewelry, weapons, ritual objects, pieces of clothes, and even ships.
Gjermundbu helmet - Credit: NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet
Isn't it strange that scientists have only found one Viking Age helmet in Scandinavia?
How can the lack of Viking Age helmets be explained?
The helmet was accidentally discovered on the farm Gjermundbu in Haugsbygd in Ringerike in 1943. Scientists found a burial chamber of historical value dating from the Viking era when scientists examined the area.
Remains of two males were found along with other Viking artifacts such as two swords, two axes, two spearheads, board games, and an almost intact chain mail.
The Vikings who had been put to rest there were fully equipped to continue their afterlife in Valhalla, where Viking warriors dwell after death.
Viking Age artifacts discovered at Gjermundbu, Norway. Credit: Cultural History Museum, UiO / Vegard Vike / Ove Holst / Ellen C. Holte
The Gjermundbu helmet was examined and dated to around the later 9th century. Having a fixed visor of the characteristic 'spectacle' form, it was an expensive helmet only a few could afford. Most likely, it belonged to a powerful Viking chief. On the back of the helmet were metal plates that protected the warrior's neck. Many warriors could only dream about wearing such a special iron helmet during the Viking Age.
The fact that scientists have not discovered more Viking Age helmets cannot be easily explained, but some theories could shed light on the subject.
One possibility is that the modern image of the Vikings is simply wrong. We often picture a Viking as a warrior who jumps off his ships, waving a sword and wearing a large helmet. What if Vikings did not wear iron helmets because they were too heavy?
Vikings were very mobile, and heavy helmets could do more harm than good when a warrior engaged in battle. He had to be able to move very fast, and heavy military equipment was a disadvantage.
Vikings possibly used pointy hoods as protection from the weather or leather helmets, historians say
Scientists from Norway think only members of a Hird wore iron helmets. As previously discussed on Ancient Pages, members of a Hird were professional Viking warriors and bodyguards who protected their leader day and night.
Vikings who worked in a Hird were greatly rewarded for their services and probably had access to the best military equipment. A mighty Viking chief could have up to 60 warriors in his Hird. If all these Vikings wore iron helmets, then why have we only found one Viking Age helmet so far?
It seems much more plausible that iron helmets were rare during the Viking Age. The question is - how uncommon were Viking Age iron helmets?
Updated on September 30, 2022
Written by Ellen Lloyd – AncientPages.com
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Expand for referencesGrieg, S. - Norske Oldfunn VIII, Gjermundbufunnet. Oslo
Orrling, C. - Vikingatidens ABC. Historia i fickformat. Uppslagsord Gjermundbu. Stockholm
Vike, V. - Brynjevev : metallografisk analyse av brynjematerial ved Oldsaksamlingen i Oslo.
