Ellen Lloyd - AncientPages.com - One of the most intriguing and highly controversial theories dealing with ancient history is, without a doubt, the "Phantom Time Hypothesis."
The coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III. source
According to this unconventional and thought-provoking theory, the Early Middle Ages (614-911 AD) never existed because the Western calendar was misdated.
German scientist Heribert Illig developed the Phantom Time Hypothesis. Another German researcher, Hans-Ulrich Niemitz, expanded on this theory after accidentally learning about the problem of faked documents in the Middle Ages.
In his science paper "Did the Early Middle Ages Really Exist?" Dr. Hans-Ulrich Niemitz points out that we can find medieval falsifications in every document. There are thousands of recognized forgeries from the Middle Ages. People forged wills, history texts, land deeds, and more. The Church falsified documents and relics regularly, too.
Since people didn't own clocks, they couldn't track days like we do today.
To find out what day it was, they asked a priest.
Early Middle Ages. Credit: Public Domain
These are facts that speak in favor of the Phantom Time Hypothesis.
"The easiest way to understand doubts about the accepted chronology and 'well-known' history is to systematize medieval research problems systematically.
It will lead us to detect a pattern that proves my thesis and gives reason to assume that a phantom period of approximately 300 years has been inserted between 600 AD and 900 AD, either by accident, misinterpretation of documents, or by deliberate falsification.
This period and all events that are supposed to have happened therein never existed. Buildings and artifacts ascribed to this period belong to other periods, "Dr. Hans-Ulrich Niemitz says.
The Western calendar should have been revised because Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, in collusion with Pope Sylvester II, wanted to celebrate the end of the first millennium 297 years earlier.
The scientists could elaborate further on the Phantom Time Hypothesis by examining several curious historical gaps.
"We looked for 'gaps' in special reports and publications, also for periods of stagnation or strange events repeated similarly after approximately 300 years. I only refer to some of a great number of puzzles: a gap in the history of the building in Constantinople (558 AD - 908 AD), a gap in the doctrine of faith, especially the gap in the evolution of theory and meaning of purgatory (600 AD until ca. 1100), a 300-year-long reluctant introduction of farming techniques (three-acre-system, and of war techniques (stirrup), a gap in the mosaic art (565 AD - 1018 AD), a repeated beginning of the German orthography etc. etc. The puzzles of historiography led the way, pointing out, again and again, the 'gap' which we soon termed 'phantom time.'"
One of the most startling proposals is that Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great and widely recognized as the Father of Europe, was a fictional character who lived in an imaginary time.
According to Dr. Hans-Ulrich Niemitz, there are two reasons why the 'fakers' needed a phantom time of 297 years.
The Bust of Charlemagne, an idealised portrayal and reliquary said to contain Charlemagne's skull cap, is located at Aachen Cathedral Treasury, and can be regarded as the most famous depiction of the ruler. Image credit: Florian B. Gutsch - CC BY-SA 4.0
Hypothesis 1 states, "Otto III didn't live accidentally around 1000 AD; he had defined this date! He wanted to reign in this year because this suited his understanding of Christian millennialism. He explained this date with the help of his famous and well-versed friend Gerbert de Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II.
In reality, they lived approximately seven hundred years after the birth of Jesus Christ, but only then had the years been reckoned 'after Christ.' Perhaps unaware of their error and without intending to falsify, they defined one particular year as '1000 AD' (Illig 1991). Consequently, chroniclers had to invent 300 years of history. To fill empty periods - what a great occasion for dynasties and kings!"
Hypothesis 2 states, "Constantine VII of Byzantium (905 - 959 AD) organized a complete rewriting of Byzantine history."
So, is the Phantom Time Hypothesis true? We do not know that.
It is impossible to tell now because this theory requires much more research. If the Phantom Time Hypothesis is correct, our calendar year was increased by 297 years without the corresponding passage of time. It means that our current year is not 2019 but 1722.
Written by Ellen Lloyd – AncientPages.com
Updated on Sep 25, 2023
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