3,500-Year-Old Cuneiform Clay Tablets With Hittites’ Texts – Soon To Be Accessible Online

Conny Waters - AncientPages.com - The Hittites lived in Anatolia some 3,500 years ago. They used clay tablets to keep records of state treaties and decrees, prayers, myths, and summoning rituals, using a language that researchers were only able to decipher around 100 years ago.

Left: Neo-Hittite storm god "Tarhunzas" in the Aleppo museum. Credit: Verity Cridland, Wikipedia, CC BY 2.0 - Right: Sphinx Gate, Hattusa, Turkey. Credit: Bernard Gagnon , Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0

Now, 3,500-year-old cuneiform clay tablets with the Hittites' texts, will be made fully accessible online

The collection will be based on around 30,000 documents, most of which are written in the Hittite language, the oldest Indo-Germanic language. However, other languages such as Luwian and Palaic will also be represented to a lesser extent.

"This enormous funding can also be seen as recognition of Mainz as a research hub, where Hittitology has been a mainstay since the 1960s," said Professor Doris Prechel of the Department of Ancient Studies at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) and partner in the collaborative project.

The Hittitology Archive at the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz holds the world's largest collection of transliterated Hittite writings, in other words, texts which have been converted from the original cuneiform into the Latin alphabet. "We have a fantastic starting point here, and with the digital thesaurus we can achieve a breakthrough for Hittitology worldwide."

According to the traditional method, a hand copy of the cuneiform text is made from a clay tablet. Image credit: Doris Prechel

Prechel and her group at JGU will be contributing to the project by compiling a collection of texts on summoning rituals. These rituals mostly took the form of magical invocations designed, among other things, to gain the goodwill of the gods and protect the royal family or the political system from danger.

The cooperation partners intend to bring the remains of the Hittite culture into the 21st century. A large proportion of the 30,000 clay tablets and fragments found in the then Hittite capital of Hattusa and documented on over one million index cards are already available in digitized form.

They will now be suitably adapted and provided with commentaries. The collection of texts will be accessible online via the new Hittitology Platform Mainz. It will also be possible to integrate any new cuneiform texts found at Hittite sites in the future. Thus, the new platform will be a kind of living archive of cuneiform transcripts and make available a completely new way of accessing source texts for researching the culture and history of the Hittites.

According to the traditional method, after a manual copy has been made, the context is documented on index cards. Credit: Doris Prechel

"Many cultures have lost their written material, as some were written on papyrus, for example, and have not survived," said Professor Doris Prechel. The clay tablets, on the other hand, were preserved by the firing process and now provide us with information about all areas of human life in the second millennium BC.

"The Hittite culture is also particularly interesting from a historical point of view, because Hittite is the oldest known Indo-Germanic language. Today, Indo-Germanic languages are found all over the world and make up the family of languages that has more speakers than any other.

Participating in the joint project are researchers from the universities of Mainz, Marburg, and Würzburg, as well as of the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz. The Thesaurus Linguarum Hethaeorum digitalis (TLHdig) project will receive about EUR 520,000 in funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) over the next three years.

Written by Conny Waters - AncientPages.com Staff Writer